Book chapter – Entrepreneurship

The Book Thief

I am writing a chapter for a new book about Media Education. My chapter will be focused on entrepreneurship; approaches to enterprise education and some findings from a research project I did with my students last year. My aim is to offer an overview of where we are at in terms of enterprise education for media and cultural industries students along with some questions for further investigation. It builds upon earlier research I conducted (Carey and Naudin, 2006b), and a recognition that entrepreneurship is increasingly important in media education. Many aspects of entrepreneurship education are familiar to vocational media courses but they have probably not been called ‘entrepreneurship’ before. Having come across a range of enterprise educators working in more generic faculties or departments, I am often surprised that, unknowingly, media and art and design education fits with much of the good practice promoted by organisations such as the NCGE. Unlike business schools, we have always been about the experience of real life practice, working on live projects with industry, getting in guest speakers, team activities and experiential learning. The words ‘enterprise’ and ‘entrepreneurship’ are loaded with meaning and can certainly be off-putting to many media educators. But rather than dismiss these terms, I think they provide us with an opportunity to reflect critically on the nature of the entrepreneurial element within contemporary media practice.

Advice for anyone going through the MPhil to PhD Upgrade

Basic guidelines

Firstly meet with your supervisor and read your handbook to make sure you have all the information about the upgrade process. Each institution, faculty and school can be slightly different. Go to sessions on the upgrade process if they have any.

Be prepared and manage you time

Make sure you have plenty of time to prepare for this. See your supervisor very early on about this to make sure you have both agreed deadlines for drafts, final papers and the upgrade date. Some supervisors can be surprisingly casual about this but you need to plan ahead. Read more

MPhil Upgrade preparations

I have just attended a workshop on the process for the MPhil Upgrade at warwick Uni and I’m really glad I did!
The workshops is really helping me think through the key elements I need to consider and how best to prepare for the panel. Everyone gets nervous in front of a panel, but having started to articulate the types of questions I might get, the ones I am concerned about and, importantly, the questions I might want to ask, I feel a little less nervous.
So my top tip at the moment is prepare, prepare and prepare.

Lacan and ‘Unmasking the Entrepreneur’


In their recently published book, Unmasking the Entrepreneur, Campbell Jones and Andre Spicer offer a new way of looking at the idea of the Entrepreneur, through a range of different philosophical and theoretical perspectives. Many assumptions are made about the Entrepreneur, this elusive character that so many academics have tried to pin down through a set of recognisable characteristics or as a key innovative actor within a capitalist economic system. The value placed on the entrepreneur is echoed in most Western governments through their support of an enterprise culture and of entrepreneurial behaviour across all sectors of life. In this post, I will discuss part of Chapter 3, in which the writers draw on Jacques Lacan‘s work to critique an essentialist view of the entrepreneur. They ask us to consider the idea that the reason why academics have found it difficult to categorise the Entrepreneur, in a definitive way, is not necessarily a failure on the behalf of the researchers but instead, it is because the ‘entrepreneurship discourse does not exist’.

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Trying to work out the key question

As I am getting closer to the MPhil upgrade and submitting a more detailed proposal, I have started to focus on the key question to be explored in my PhD research.

What is the nature of entrepreneurship in cultural and media work and what are the implications for vocational education?

I explore this problem by researching cultural workers and the nature of entrepreneurship as it is experienced by individuals working as freelancers and in small independent businesses within the creative, media and cultural industries. The emphasis is placed on the specific experience of these workers, their potentially entrepreneurial behaviors and skills as they negotiate a career in the UK’s creative industries sector. This informs and raises debates for higher education policies in creative, media, art and design subject areas, with an emphasis on the post graduate level. Read more

MECCSA 2011 conference presentation

MeCCSA 2011 presentation

Reviewing research methodologies

Having recently presented at the MECCSA 2011 conference, at The Lowry, Salford, I have been able to reflect on the methodology I am testing out for my research.

My presentation was entitled: An exploration of contextualised enterprise curriculum for media and creative industry students. And this is the abstract:

  • Given that entrepreneurship and self-employment are increasingly important in vocational media courses, this presentation explores and reflects on the nature of a highly contextualised enterprise curriculum. There is a proliferation of generic learning tools to teach entrepreneurship and business start up which often does not meet the specific needs of media and creative students or reflect current industry standards. Entrepreneurship education in context can allow for an opportunity to contest the dominating discourse of enterprise and explore the nature of entrepreneurship specifically as it relates to the cultural, creative and media workers. Drawing from research conducted with post graduate media and creative students, this paper engages with these issues by exploring the student’s experience of entrepreneurship through a narrative approach.

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creating the cultural worker identity

From constructed identity to techniques for developing one’s identity as a cultural worker.

Identity theory, in cultural studies, has focused on the idea of the constructed identity – the external factors which construct our identity through the power of discourse and ‘différance’ as described by Derrida. Stuart Hall argues this is enacted through codes, language and style that are constructed through difference, how we define ourselves in relation to the ‘other’ as a means of distinguishing ourselves. This identity is not a fixed state of being but as Hall argues it is unstable, in a constant state of flux. But do we play a role in shaping that identity, specifically in the context of cultural work?

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Norbert Elias

To my shame, I have just come across Norbert Elias for the first time. I love his concept of  ‘figurations’, networks of interdependent human beings which he compared to a dance: ‘in constant flux yet structured’. For more information on Elias check out this foundation.

I am exploring the work of Elias and Bourdieu as part of my investigation into identity theory. Their work is a critique of the idea of ‘life-history’, advancing instead the idea  of humans as capable of self-reflection and self-conscious behaviour dependent upon certain forms of discourse and activities.

Practice based research

I’ have been awarded a small pot of funding from the BSEEN project (a local project developing entrepreneurial skills in graduates) to develop some resources to be used in enterprise education. My initial idea and proposal is simply to interview various cultural entrepreneurs and capture their story through an interview and a short video or audio recording. But after a discussion at Birmingham’s School of Media Research Centre, when a few of us started to discuss the opportunities of exploring practice based research, I decide to rethink my project. Read more

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